EcoGeek

Let's make this clear: Vertical farms don't make sense

verticalfarms

The inside of a skyscraper is, literally, the most expensive "land" in the world. So it probably isn't the best place to grow our food.

The idea of vertical farming (growing food in high-rise buildings in the middle of cities instead of out on farms) has been gaining a lot of interest lately. Most recetly, it showed up on BoingBoing, one of our favorite blogs. We've seen a few of these proposals, and we've been following the concept for some time. It seems EcoGeeky enough, but a quick glance at the actual economics of farming shows that this isn't ever going to work.

At first, it seems to make all the sense in the world. Moving production of food into population centers to eliminate shipping. Creating highly efficient "food factories" that allow land elsewhere to be freed from cultivation. But when you look at some of the practicalities behind constructing buildings like these, vertical farms make no sense. As the Vertical farm Project itself notes: "The Vertical Farm must be efficient (cheap to construct and safe to operate)." And a vertical farm is the opposite of efficiency.

A farmer can expect his land to be worth roughly $1 per square foot...if it's good, fertile land. The owner of a skyscraper, on the other hand, can expect to pay more than 200 times that per square foot of his building. And that's just the cost of construction. Factor in the costs of electricity to pump water throughout the thing and keep the plants bathed in artificial sunlight all day, and you've got an inefficient mess.

Just looking at those numbers, you need two things to happen in order for vertical farms to make sense. You need the price of food to increase 100 fold over today's prices, and you need the productivity of vertical farms to increase 100 fold over traditional farms. Neither of those things will ever happen. And as much as I hate to burst bubbles, the main claim to the efficiency of vertical farms (the elimination of transportation costs) is not vaild. Even if most of the calories we consume were to be grown inside of cities, almost all of it would be shipped out for processing (most of the food we eat isn't fresh veggies...you may have noticed.)

None of this is to say that we think farming will remain forever as it is today. EcoGeek is glad that there are many changes coming to agriculture, some of which will increase yields enough to keep prices low while feeding the 10 billion people the Earth will house by 2050. And with the right technologies, we should be able to do this without harming the Earth too much.

We're not even saying that farms will remain outside. Building multi-level (not necessarily muti-story) automated farming units on inexpensive land within 100 km of food processing plants, for example, might make a lot of sense. But if you're going to make farming more efficient, you aren't going to do it by moving it into the most expensive land in the world.

 

Science-fiction author (and former EcoGeek of the Week interviewee) Tobias Buckell also saw the article and offered his own comments on the topic, as well.

'Vertical farm' articles on EcoGeek

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comments from our community

Showing 1 - 6 of 6 comments

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  • Posted by David Mon Oct 26, 2009 3:40pm PDT
    Could not agree more. Although vertical farms are great spacesavers in yards, greenhouses, and rooftop gardens, they are not a good idea inside of buildings. I have had several vertical garden setups in my yard and they work very well, but it is not worth the cost for high dollar real estate to grow things inside a large building.
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  • Posted by DavidS Tue Oct 27, 2009 3:24am PDT
    Although I agree with your overall point regarding the cost, there are always other solutions. For instance, instead of pumping water up, you could collect water on the rooftop and irrigate the crops with a gravity fed system.
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  • Posted by Jessica Tue Oct 27, 2009 6:33am PDT
    I understand why it could be a costly venture to build a building entirely dedicated to vertical farming but several points were missed in this article. For one, if the building is built appropriately for this purpose the plants would not need to be "bathed in artificial sunlight all day long." A major benefit to using skyscrapers is their high amount of exposure to natural light and large number of windows. And two, pumping water through the building may cost money--yes but there are a couple ways to deal with that issues. If solar panels are covering many square feet of the building, your electrical costs go down. And if you use a rooftop/basement cistern system, you can avoid pumping water out from the ground by using rainwater and grey water for irrigation. Three, vertical farming doesn't have to be entire skyscrapers built into a "farm." Using current infrastructure to produce food this way can be done. Why not utilize rooftops of commercial and residential properties to produce food (again using cisterns for water and the like). Why not dedicate several feet in front of all windows in newly constructed city buildings to growing vegetables? I'm amazed at the limitations of this article. I feel like the writers are dragging atvs through the streets behind SUV's throwing trash out the window right now laughing about how they write "EcoGeek" articles. How could a person claim to be a geek or ecologically conscious and overlook all of the points mentioned above?
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  • Posted by I dont want to talk about it. Tue Oct 27, 2009 7:21am PDT
    I found your ideas intriguing right up until the last few sentences, which I found right on the edge of verbally abusive. The "obvious" is often overlooked when dealing with new ideas, precisely because they're new. If you read the history of inventions, you're often tempted to think "How simple! I could have thought of that." But the pattern indicates that most of us would not have thought of "that". The authors raised valid concerns and you raised valid responses. Please focus on the issues and avoid insulting those who are making an effort.
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  • Posted by pahump1 Tue Oct 27, 2009 9:31am PDT
    there are always naysayers in this world. This is a novel idea, yes there are some obstacles, but so what, if the floor space is available ; do it. Why not make the most of this idea , like teaching students and young kids the subject, making them aware of future ideas and new approaches to the future lifestyles of living in the big city. Great ideas usually start out poorly , then proceed into being fantastic later on. The taste of homegrown food is a big incentive also. There are numerous good reasons that this should be continued and perfected. Wake up people!
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  • Posted by Jessica Tue Oct 27, 2009 11:53am PDT
    I agree--I was being vindictive by the end of my response to the article but for pete's sake the article is called "Let's make this clear: Vertical farms don't make sense." That's a pretty concrete statement written by someone who obviously didn't do his homework before writing it. Vertical farming could be quite successful and even if it didn't produce the volume of food we currently produce on typical farmlands--that wouldn't make it a worthless effort. How about before we discredit a "green" innovation so publicly and so definitely, we look at it from all 360 degrees? My point is that articles like this that flaunt total ignorance on such a subject add fuel to the fire of those of us who don't see anything wrong with the direction we're headed (destroying ecosystems and draining all of our resources with total disregard to future generations).
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